LONG DURATION Energy Storage and Transport in Metallic Zinc

Metallic zinc permanently contains 1.3 kWh of electrical energy per kilogram and thus serves as Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES)

Electricity can be stored dynamically in metallic zinc using proven galvanic processes

Electricity is recovered locally and continuously in modular fuel cells

Metallic zinc can be transported compactly by truck, rail or ship without complex infrastructure 

Metallic zinc is widely available, indefinitely storable and does not cause pollution or energy loss 

A closed recycling energy cycle can be established with zinc and zinc oxide

Zinc-Galvanic (electrowinning electrolysis) for zinc granulate in continuous operation

Handling and cleaning of alkaline zinc granulate

Configuration of transport containers for zinc granulate and zinc oxide slurry

Zinc-air fuel cells in modular cassettes for continuous operation

Development of fuel cell geometry for continuous zinc oxide slurry removal and purification

Further development of gas diffusion membranes and oxygen cathodes 

Continuous removal / discharge of zinc granulate from the electroplating process 

Service life and replacement cycles of inert anodes

Efficient cleaning and drying of zinc granulate

Increased complexity of the fuel cell for operation with solid fuel

Mechanical and cyclic strength of air electrodes and fuel cell membrane 

Extraction of zinc oxide slurry from the fuel cell modules

Future sodium-ion storage batteries and their transportation

Future LOHC (Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier), Hydrogen solid-state storage systems

Future mechanical energy storage, such as gravity, compressed air, gas pressure 

Future thermal energy storage systems 

Zinc reaction with water to produce hydrogen and use in conventional Hydrogen fuel cells 

Zinc combustion in converted large-scale thermal power plants 

Alternative use of the thermal part of conventional power plants with zinc combustion